Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, and many decayed teeth remain untreated in underdeveloped and developing countries. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the remineralization effect of Moringa oleifera-based nano-silver fluoride (NSF) on deciduous dentin caries Materials and Method: This study was a randomized, single-blinded clinical trial. A total of 138 teeth with carious lesions belonging to 83 children were selected and randomly assigned into three groups. Clinical evaluation was performed at 1 and 3 months after intervention. Results: The percentage of arrested caries within the groups were 86%, 42%, and 37% for NSF, MI varnish (GC, Japan), and FluoroDose varnish groups (Centrix Inc, USA), respectively. Results of 1 and 3 months follow-up period were same. Statistically significant difference was found between study groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that M. oleifera-based NSF could be used for arresting dental caries when applied directly to the carious lesion.

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Objective: To compare the socket-shield technique (SST) with the conventional method of immediate implant placement (IIP) regarding stabilization of buccal hard and soft tissue, and esthetic management. Method and Materials: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating SST, published in English, were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, OpenGrey, and Embase until May May 2021, in June 2021. The quality assessment of included RCTs was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tools. A STATA version 16 was used to determine mean difference with 95% confidence intervals for buccal plate width (BPW), buccal plate height (BPH), pink esthetic score (PES), and implant stability quotient for 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up subgroups. Results: Out of 4617 records, 10 RCTs were finally included for the review and meta-analysis. Regarding BPW, significant differences were observed in favor of SST after 6 months. Also significant difference was detected in BPH and PES in favor of SST compared to the conventional method for all time points. However, no significant difference was found regarding implant stability between the two groups. Conclusion: SST yields better outcomes in dimensional changes of bone and soft tissue, and is found to be superior to conventional IIP regarding esthetic results and stability of hard and soft tissue around implants.

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Introduction: This study evaluated the possible influence of the lower third molar and its position on the location of fractures in all mandibular regions. Methods: Computed tomography scans of patients with mandibular fractures in any region seen between August 2018 and July 2019 were evaluated. The presence and classification of third molars according to their vertical and horizontal positions and angulations were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, tree algorithm, and random forest model. Results: A total of 49 patients with mandibular fractures were seen and 40 patients (80% men), with a mean age of 33.4 years, were included. There was no correlation between fracture location and the vertical (P = 0.93) and horizontal (P = 0.76) Pell and Gregory classifications. There was a statistically significant relationship between fracture location and the Winter angulation classification (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Relative to the possible influence of lower third molars and their position on the location of mandibular fractures in all mandibular regions, only the angulation of the third molar had an influence. There was no correlation between the presence and the classifications of third molar impaction.

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Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of using three adhesive systems on the shear bond strength between composite resin and fresh amalgam. Materials and Methods: Amalgam samples were assigned into three groups according to the adhesive systems being used prior to the composite resin application. Group A (n = 10): universal self-etch bonding system (Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M, Neuss, Germany) was applied and light cured. Group B (n = 10): universal self-etch bonding was applied and light cured, followed by a thin layer of nanohybrid flowable composite (Tetric N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), then light cured. Group C (n = 10): self-adhesive dual-cure luting resin cement (Calibra Universal, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC) was applied in equal quantity for each sample over amalgam surface. Composite resin was then applied by plastic instrument in a single increment to the height of the hole (2 mm), then celluloid strip was placed and light cured. After thermocycling, a shear bond test was performed. Results: Resin luting cement interface showed the higher significant bond strength, followed by universal bonding agent − flowable composite interface. The universal bonding interface group yielded the lowest results. Conclusion: The application of self-adhesive dual-cure luting resin cement resulted in significant increase in bond strength between composite resin and fresh amalgam.

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Introduction: This study evaluated the color changes induced by the treatment of intact and demineralized enamel surfaces with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and sodium fluoride. Material and Methods: Ninety-six sound teeth were collected. The samples were divided into “intact” and “demineralized” groups and then subjected to different treatments (CPP-ACFP, sodium fluoride, and CPP-ACP). After the treatment phase, the colors of samples were evaluated and compared with the pretreatment values. Results: Both demineralized and intact enamel samples underwent increased whiteness (L*) and reduced yellowness (b*) upon treatment with any of the agents (P < 0.001). More pronounced results were achieved with CPP-ACP. Conclusion: These treatments generally make the teeth look whiter, brighter, and clearer with a more natural appearance.

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Introduction: GuttaFlow Bioseal (Roeko–Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), TotalFill Bioceramic (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), and AH Plus root canal sealers (Dentsply, DeTrey, Germany) are used to prevent communication between periapical space and the root canal. This study aims to evaluate the apical microleakage of three endodontic sealers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five freshly extracted mandibular premolars were prepared and obturated with single-cone gutta-percha, then grouped into three groups according to the sealers used. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Results: The least mean dye penetration was shown by GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer (1.31 mm), followed by TotalFill Bioceramic sealer (1.57 mm) and AH Plus sealer (2.63 mm); no dye penetration was found in the negative control group. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant difference among all experimental groups (P < 0.001); Tukey test shows significant differences between all groups except for a nonsignificant difference between GuttaFlow Bioseal and TotalFill Bioceramic sealer (P = 0.6). Conclusion: All sealers showed varying levels of apical microleakage, with the least penetration in the GuttaFlow Bioseal group.

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Introduction: We aimed to determine the maximum microwave disinfection cycles that is safe for the adaptability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases under power–time setting of 630 W for 3 minutes. Materials and Methods: Thirty PMMA maxillary denture bases were constructed and divided into two groups, control (no disinfection) and test (microwave disinfection at 630W for 3 minutes in water immersion). Coltene Rapid Liner (Coltene/Whaledent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland) silicone was coated onto the internal surface of the samples followed by placement of 8 kgf of axial load. The silicone film was removed, and weighed using analytical balance. One day interval was given between each cycle and samples were stored in 37°C water bath. Tests were carried out until a statistically significant silicone film weight change detected. The data were analyzed on SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results: Statistically significant change of the denture base was detected after the tenth cycle of microwave irradiation. Conclusion: The maximum microwave disinfection cycles that is safe for the adaptability of PMMA denture bases under power–time setting of 630 W for 3 minutes is only up to 10 cycles.

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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural and industrial orange juices and a beverage on the surface roughness of composite material. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 disc-shaped specimens with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 10 mm were taken from an orthodontic bonding composite. The specimens were randomly assigned into three groups (i.e., natural orange juice, Rani orange juice, and Mirinda orange beverage). The roughness of the specimens was examined by atomic force microscope at baseline, 1 day (6 hours), and 1 week (6 hours per day) after immersing. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The surface roughness of composite exposed to the selected drinks increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Natural orange juice, Rani orange juice, and Mirinda can affect the surface roughness of composite, which varies based on the type of drink and immersion time.

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